Caeruloplasmin

• Fatigue or low energy
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
• Neurological symptoms like tremors or difficulty with coordination
• Behaviour or mood changes
• Abdominal swelling or pain (due to liver or spleen involvement)
• Sensitivity to copper-rich foods
• Joint pain or stiffness
• Ring-like discolouration in the eyes (Kayser-Fleischer rings)
• Poor concentration or memory changes
  
  No symptoms at all in early or mild cases

Recommended for individuals experiencing unexplained fatigue, neurological symptoms (such as tremors or poor coordination), or signs of liver dysfunction like jaundice or abdominal swelling. Ideal for those with a family history of Wilson’s disease, unexplained low copper levels, or abnormal liver tests. Also suitable for anyone with persistent behavioural changes, anaemia, or symptoms suggesting copper metabolism issues—even if symptoms are mild or unclear.

• Wilson’s disease (a genetic disorder causing copper buildup)
• Copper deficiency or overload
• Hepatitis or other chronic liver diseases
• Menkes disease (inherited disorder affecting copper levels)
• Nephrotic syndrome (kidney-related protein loss)
• Rheumatoid arthritis or chronic inflammatory conditions
• Malabsorption syndromes (e.g. coeliac disease)
• Autoimmune or metabolic disorders affecting copper transport
• Nutritional imbalances due to poor diet or gastrointestinal disorders