Albumin: The main protein in blood plasma, important for maintaining blood volume and pressure. Why measure: To assess liver function and overall protein levels.

Ferritin: A protein that stores and releases iron, indicating the body's iron reserves. Why measure: To evaluate iron levels and diagnose iron deficiency or overload.

Globulin: A group of proteins in blood plasma involved in immune response and transport functions. Why measure: To assess immune function and diagnose liver or kidney disorders.

TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity): Measures the blood’s capacity to bind and transport iron, reflecting how much iron is available for use. Why measure: To assess iron metabolism and diagnose conditions like iron deficiency anemia or iron overload disorders

Transferrin: A protein that binds and transports iron throughout the bloodstream, playing a critical role in iron metabolism. Why measure: To evaluate iron status and diagnose conditions like anemia, iron deficiency, or chronic illnesses affecting iron distribution.

Transferrin Saturation: The percentage of transferrin that is bound to iron, providing a more direct measure of iron availability in the body. Why measure: To diagnose and monitor iron-related disorders, including iron deficiency and hemochromatosis.

Iron: An essential mineral required for producing haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Iron is also crucial for energy production and immune function. Why measure: To assess iron levels, diagnose iron deficiency or overload conditions (such as anaemia or haemochromatosis), and monitor overall health and energy levels.

Calcium: A crucial mineral for maintaining bone strength and supporting various bodily functions. Why measure: Essential for bone health and metabolic processes.

Corrected Calcium: Calcium level adjusted based on albumin concentration to provide a more accurate measurement of calcium status. Why measure: To ensure accurate assessment of calcium levels in conditions affecting albumin.

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB): A protein found on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, which are considered atherogenic. Why Measure: To evaluate cardiovascular risk by assessing the total number of atherogenic particles in the blood, providing a more accurate measure of heart disease risk than LDL cholesterol alone.

Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1): A protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) involved in cholesterol transport and lipid metabolism. Why Measure: To assess cardiovascular health by evaluating HDL function and cholesterol removal efficiency, helping to determine protective factors against heart disease.

ApoB : ApoA1 Ratio: The ratio between Apolipoprotein B and Apolipoprotein A1, reflecting the balance of atherogenic and protective lipoproteins. Why Measure: To gauge the risk of cardiovascular disease, with a higher ratio indicating a greater risk of developing heart conditions.

Cholesterol: A fatty substance essential for building cell membranes and producing hormones. Why measure: To evaluate overall cholesterol levels and cardiovascular health.

HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol: Known as "good" cholesterol, it helps lower the risk of cardiovascular disease by removing excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. Why measure: To assess protective cardiovascular benefits and risk factors.

HDL:Cholesterol Ratio: The ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol, providing insight into cardiovascular risk. Why measure: To gauge the balance between good and total cholesterol and assess cardiovascular health.

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol: Referred to as "bad" cholesterol, it can lead to plaque buildup in arteries and increase cardiovascular risk. Why measure: To monitor and manage cardiovascular risk.

Non-LDL Cholesterol: This measurement represents total cholesterol minus LDL cholesterol, including other lipoproteins like HDL and VLDL. Why measure: It offers a clearer view of cardiovascular risk by highlighting potentially harmful cholesterol levels. Higher non-LDL cholesterol may indicate increased risk, making it important for monitoring heart health

Triglycerides: A type of fat in the blood that can contribute to coronary artery disease if levels are elevated. Why measure: To assess risk of heart disease and evaluate lipid management.

HDL Cholesterol %: This percentage indicates the proportion of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol relative to total cholesterol. Why measure: It reflects the balance of "good" cholesterol in the bloodstream, with higher percentages suggesting a lower risk of heart disease. Monitoring HDL cholesterol % helps assess cardiovascular health and the effectiveness of lifestyle changes.

VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein): This type of lipoprotein carries triglycerides through the bloodstream. Why measure: Elevated VLDL levels are linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, as they can contribute to plaque buildup in arteries and poor lipid balance.

HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin): A blood biomarker that reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months. It is widely used to diagnose and monitor diabetes. Why measure: To manage and diagnose diabetes effectively.

Sodium: An essential electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions in the body. Why measure: Critical for maintaining blood pressure, proper hydration, and normal nerve and muscle function.

Basophils: A type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and inflammatory responses. Why measure: To evaluate immune function and detect allergic or inflammatory conditions.

Eosinophils: White blood cells involved in combating parasitic infections and modulating allergic responses. Why measure: To diagnose and monitor allergic conditions and parasitic infections.

Haematocrit: The percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume, which helps assess overall blood health. Why measure: To diagnose and monitor conditions affecting red blood cell volume.

Haemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues. Why measure: To assess oxygen transport and diagnose anemia or other blood disorders.

MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration): The average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of red blood cells. Why measure: To evaluate hemoglobin content and diagnose types of anemia.

Mean Cell Hb (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin): The average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell, indicating the cell’s oxygen-carrying capacity. Why measure: To assess and diagnose anemia and other red blood cell disorders.

Mean Cell Volume (MCV): The average volume of a red blood cell, used to classify anemia and other blood conditions. Why measure: To diagnose types of anemia and assess overall red blood cell health.

Monocytes: White blood cells that play a role in detecting and destroying pathogens and resolving infections. Why measure: To evaluate immune system activity and diagnose infections or chronic inflammation.

MPV (Mean Platelet Volume): The average size of platelets in the blood, which can provide information on platelet production in bone marrow. Why measure: To assess platelet function and diagnose various platelet disorders.

Neutrophils: A type of white blood cell that helps combat infections and facilitate tissue repair. Why measure: To evaluate immune response and diagnose infections or inflammatory conditions.

Platelets: Cell fragments crucial for blood clotting and wound healing. Why measure: To evaluate clotting ability and diagnose bleeding or clotting disorders.

Red Blood Cells: Cells responsible for oxygen transport throughout the body. Why measure: To assess overall blood health and diagnose anemia or other red blood cell disorders.

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW): Measures variation in red blood cell size, which can indicate different types of anemia. Why measure: To assess the heterogeneity of red blood cells and diagnose various anemia types.

White Blood Cells: Cells that are part of the immune system and help fight infections and other diseases. Why measure: To evaluate immune function and detect infections or other immune disorders.

Lymphocytes: White blood cells that are crucial for the adaptive immune response, including fighting viral infections and producing antibodies. Why measure: To assess immune function and diagnose immune system disorders.

HsCRP (High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein): A marker of inflammation that can indicate increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Why measure: To predict cardiovascular disease risk and inflammation levels.

Uric Acid: A byproduct of purine metabolism, high levels of which can indicate kidney dysfunction or gout risk. Why measure: To assess kidney function and evaluate risk for gout or other conditions.

Creatinine: A waste product produced by muscle metabolism, normally eliminated by the kidneys. Why measure: To assess kidney function and diagnose potential kidney issues.

eGFR (MDRD): An estimated glomerular filtration rate, used to evaluate kidney function based on serum creatinine levels. Why measure: To assess kidney health and detect potential dysfunction.

Urea: A waste product formed from protein metabolism, excreted by the kidneys. Why measure: To evaluate kidney function and diagnose kidney-related conditions.

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): An enzyme found primarily in the liver, elevated levels can indicate liver inflammation or damage. Why measure: To diagnose liver conditions and monitor liver health.

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): An enzyme associated with liver function and bone health, elevated levels can indicate liver or bone disorders. Why measure: To diagnose liver or bone conditions and assess overall health.

Total Bilirubin: A substance formed from the breakdown of red blood cells, elevated levels can indicate liver dysfunction or hemolysis. Why measure: To evaluate liver function and diagnose conditions like jaundice or liver disease.

Total Protein: Measures the total amount of proteins in blood plasma, which are essential for various bodily functions including immune response. Why measure: To assess overall protein levels and diagnose liver or kidney disorders.

Aspartate Transaminase (AST): An enzyme found in the liver, heart, muscles, kidneys, brain, pancreas, lungs, and blood cells. Elevated levels may indicate liver, heart, or muscle disorders. Why measure: To assess liver health, detect muscle or heart conditions, and monitor potential damage to tissues and organs.

CK (Creatine Kinase): An enzyme released into the blood when muscle tissue is damaged or stressed. Why measure: To diagnose muscle damage or disorders and monitor muscle health.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Regulates reproductive processes such as egg development in females and sperm production in males. Why Measure: To assess reproductive health and diagnose fertility issues.

Luteinising Hormone (LH): Regulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males. Why Measure: To evaluate reproductive health and diagnose hormonal disorders.

Progesterone: A hormone that plays a role in reproductive health, hormone balance, and overall well-being. Why measure: To evaluate menstrual health, fertility, and pregnancy in women, and to assess hormonal balance and prostate health in men.

Prolactin: Involved in lactation and reproductive health. Why Measure: To assess lactation, pituitary function, and reproductive health.

Total PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen): A protein produced by the prostate gland, elevated levels can indicate prostate disorders. Why measure: To screen for prostate health, including benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
The PSA marker will be relevant exclusively to male profiles.

DHEA-S (Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulphate): An androgen precursor produced by the adrenal glands, which plays a role in the production of sex hormones and impacts various bodily functions. Why measure: To evaluate adrenal gland function, assess androgen status, and diagnose conditions related to hormonal imbalances, such as adrenal insufficiency or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Oestradiol (Estradiol): A key form of estrogen important for regulating the menstrual cycle and reproductive health. Why Measure: To assess estrogen levels and diagnose hormonal disorders.

Testosterone: Main male sex hormone involved in male characteristics, muscle mass, and libido. Why Measure: To evaluate androgen levels and diagnose hormonal imbalances or conditions.

Free Testosterone (Calculated): The biologically active form of testosterone. Why Measure: To assess testosterone levels and diagnose hormonal imbalances.

Free Androgen Index (FAI): Ratio of total testosterone to SHBG (Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin), indicating bioavailable testosterone. Why Measure: To evaluate androgen status and diagnose related hormonal disorders.

SHBG (Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin): A protein that binds sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen. Why Measure: To assess hormonal balance and diagnose related disorders.

Cortisol: Primary stress hormone that regulates metabolism, immune response, and stress adaptation. Why Measure: To evaluate stress levels, adrenal function, and overall hormonal balance.

Anti TPO Ab (Anti-Thyroidperoxidase Ab): An antibody targeting the enzyme thyroid peroxidase, commonly elevated in autoimmune thyroid diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Why measure: To diagnose and monitor autoimmune thyroid conditions, providing insight into thyroid health and potential autoimmunity.

Anti-TG (Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibody): An antibody directed against thyroglobulin, a protein produced by the thyroid gland, often elevated in autoimmune thyroid disorders. Why measure: To evaluate and manage autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and to assess the risk of thyroid dysfunction.

FT3 (Free Triiodothyronine): The unbound form of T3 hormone that is active in regulating metabolism and energy levels. Why measure: To assess thyroid function and diagnose thyroid disorders.

FT4 (Free Thyroxine): The unbound form of T4 hormone that helps regulate metabolism and growth. Why measure: To evaluate thyroid function and diagnose thyroid-related conditions.

TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone): A hormone that regulates the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) by the thyroid gland. Why measure: To evaluate thyroid function and diagnose hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

Active B12: The form of vitamin B12 that is available for use by the body, essential for blood cell production and nerve function. Why measure: To assess vitamin B12 levels and diagnose deficiencies or related conditions.

Magnesium: A mineral important for muscle and nerve function, bone health, and energy production. Why measure: To assess magnesium levels and diagnose deficiencies or related health conditions.

Serum Folate (Vitamin B9): A vitamin important for DNA synthesis and cell division, and crucial for preventing certain birth defects. Why measure: To evaluate folate levels and diagnose deficiencies or related health issues.

Vitamin D: Vital for calcium absorption and bone health, playing a key role in maintaining bone density. Why measure: To assess and support optimal bone health and calcium metabolism.