Creatinine

• Fatigue or persistent low energy
• Swelling in the hands, feet, or face (fluid retention)
• Frequent or reduced urination
• Foamy or dark-coloured urine
• Nausea or vomiting without clear cause
• Loss of appetite or unintentional weight loss
• Muscle cramps or twitching
• Difficulty concentrating or mental confusion
• High blood pressure
• Lower back pain near the kidneys
• No symptoms at all in early stages of kidney dysfunction

Recommended for individuals experiencing fatigue, fluid retention, or changes in urination that may suggest kidney stress. Ideal for those with diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney disease. Also suitable for individuals taking medications that affect kidney function, or anyone monitoring their renal health as part of a general wellness or chronic condition management plan.

• Kidney dysfunction or chronic kidney disease (CKD)
• Acute kidney injury
• Impaired renal filtration due to diabetes or hypertension
• Dehydration or low blood volume
• Muscle disorders (e.g. muscular dystrophy, rhabdomyolysis)
• Obstruction of the urinary tract
• Reduced kidney function from long-term medication use (e.g. NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors)
• Conditions affecting blood flow to the kidneys (e.g. heart failure)
• Age-related decline in renal function
• Monitoring kidney health in those undergoing chemotherapy or taking nephrotoxic drugs